Concepedia

Concept

radiation measurement

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Boundary-Layer Radiative Fluxes

1951 - 1981

The period unites ground-based radiometry with early space-based solar radiometry to form coherent views of radiative processes governing atmospheric and surface energy budgets. Researchers integrate in-situ and remote-sensing observations to study planetary atmospheres, solar ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet irradiance, and ground-to-space radiative transfer, while radar and radio techniques reveal atmospheric dynamics from winds to ionospheric irregularities. Surface energy balance investigations emphasize albedo and radiative partitioning over natural and agricultural landscapes, advancing radiative transfer applications across bare soil, vegetation, and crop canopies.

Planetary atmosphere studies combine in-situ mass-spectrometry data with remote-sensing UV observations to characterize Venus and Mars atmospheres, including key absorbers and vertical structure from Pioneer Venus measurements, SO2 detections, and Martian aerosols [5], [6], [8], [13], [14], [15], [17].

Solar energy and Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiometry emerge as a unifying theme: measurements of the solar spectral irradiance at solar maximum [1], the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) spectrophotometer on Atmosphere Explorer [2], and ultraviolet middle-reaching radiative transfer to the ground [19], with water-vapour absorption baselines [9].

Radar/radio remote sensing reveals atmospheric dynamics from winds and turbulence to ionospheric irregularities: Jicamarca radar winds and turbulence [3], specular VHF radar reflections [11], DNA Wideband scintillation experiments [10], and F-region ionospheric irregularities spectra [18].

Surface energy balance and vegetation radiative transfer highlight albedo and energy partitioning over natural and agricultural lands: radiation balance of bare soil and vegetation [4], radiation balance for natural and agricultural vegetation [12], and reflection of short-wave radiation by vegetation [20].

Global Radiometric Retrieval and Calibration

1982 - 1988

Aerosol-Cloud Radiative Diagnostics

1989 - 1995

Aerosol Radiative Property Retrievals

1996 - 2002

Satellite-based Aerosol Radiative Forcing

2003 - 2009

Integrated Multisensor Radiative Synthesis

2010 - 2016

Energy-Balanced Radiative Budget

2017 - 2024